HSC Scaling 2025
How every HSC course scaled in 2025, from UAC's report on the scaling of the 2025 NSW HSC. Check what your HSC mark matched in scaled marks, or search the table of 106 courses below.
Check an HSC mark
2-unit courses are out of 100 and extension courses out of 50. Mathematics Extension 2 students halve their Extension 1 mark out of 100.
That mark is outside the range for this course.
Want your ATAR too? Use the HSC ATAR Calculator, which uses the same 2025 data.
Scaled mark per unit
2025 HSC and scaled marks by course
All marks are on a 1-unit basis (out of 50), the way UAC reports them. Double them for a 2-unit course out of 100. Each cell shows the HSC mark, then the scaled mark at the same point: the average, the middle student (50th percentile), the top 10% (90th) and the top 1% (99th).
| Course | Students | Average | Middle (P50) | Top 10% (P90) | Top 1% (P99) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aboriginal Studies | 827 | 35.3 → 14.8 | 36.5 → 11.0 | 45.0 → 33.8 | 49.0 → 42.6 |
| Agriculture | 1,509 | 36.7 → 19.1 | 37.5 → 18.7 | 45.5 → 35.4 | 48.0 → 41.6 |
| Ancient History | 7,495 | 36.4 → 22.4 | 37.5 → 22.5 | 44.5 → 37.4 | 47.5 → 44.4 |
| Arabic Continuers | 232 | 40.6 → 17.5 | 41.0 → 15.5 | 46.0 → 34.4 | 48.0 → 42.6 |
| Arabic Extension | 53 | 42.9 → 25.7 | 43.0 → 25.3 | 47.0 → 33.7 | 49.0 → 41.6 |
| Automotive Exam | 264 | 37.3 → 14.1 | 37.0 → 11.5 | 43.5 → 28.8 | 47.0 → 37.7 |
| Biology | 20,710 | 36.7 → 26.2 | 37.5 → 26.7 | 44.0 → 39.9 | 47.0 → 45.3 |
| Business Services Exam | 1,515 | 36.8 → 18.7 | 37.0 → 17.8 | 43.0 → 32.9 | 46.5 → 39.1 |
| Business Studies | 20,452 | 37.4 → 23.9 | 37.5 → 23.4 | 45.0 → 39.2 | 48.0 → 45.6 |
| Chemistry | 10,369 | 37.6 → 32.0 | 38.0 → 33.9 | 45.0 → 43.6 | 47.5 → 47.6 |
| Chinese & Literature | 305 | 42.2 → 24.0 | 42.5 → 24.0 | 46.0 → 38.6 | 47.5 → 45.5 |
| Chinese Beginners | 56 | 39.3 → 23.8 | 42.0 → 23.3 | 48.5 → 39.0 | 49.5 → 48.1 |
| Chinese Continuers | 334 | 43.5 → 32.8 | 45.5 → 35.0 | 48.5 → 43.5 | 49.5 → 48.6 |
| Chinese Extension | 106 | 44.6 → 37.3 | 46.0 → 37.5 | 48.0 → 44.4 | 49.0 → 48.3 |
| Chinese in Context | 110 | 45.2 → 31.5 | 45.5 → 31.9 | 48.0 → 42.7 | 49.5 → 49.3 |
| Classical Hebrew Continuers * | 25 | 43.3 → 30.0 | - | - | - |
| Classical Hebrew Extension * | 12 | 44.2 → 33.3 | - | - | - |
| Community & Family Studies | 9,838 | 37.2 → 18.5 | 37.5 → 17.8 | 43.5 → 33.3 | 46.5 → 40.4 |
| Construction Exam | 1,951 | 38.0 → 16.5 | 39.0 → 15.0 | 44.0 → 31.4 | 47.0 → 39.5 |
| Croatian Continuers * | 14 | 35.6 → 23.9 | - | - | - |
| Dance | 845 | 41.7 → 23.9 | 42.5 → 24.3 | 47.0 → 39.6 | 49.0 → 44.4 |
| Design & Technology | 4,124 | 39.4 → 23.1 | 39.5 → 22.7 | 45.0 → 37.1 | 48.0 → 45.1 |
| Drama | 3,191 | 40.8 → 24.0 | 41.0 → 23.4 | 47.0 → 40.7 | 49.0 → 47.2 |
| Earth & Environmental Science | 2,678 | 37.3 → 22.8 | 38.0 → 23.2 | 44.0 → 37.1 | 47.5 → 43.4 |
| Economics | 5,741 | 39.0 → 31.4 | 40.0 → 33.0 | 45.5 → 43.0 | 48.0 → 47.1 |
| Electrotechnology Exam | 328 | 36.1 → 17.6 | 36.5 → 17.2 | 42.5 → 31.1 | 45.0 → 36.7 |
| Engineering Studies | 2,558 | 36.8 → 26.2 | 37.0 → 26.4 | 44.5 → 39.6 | 47.5 → 45.9 |
| English Advanced | 26,292 | 41.1 → 32.8 | 41.0 → 33.7 | 45.5 → 42.6 | 47.5 → 46.9 |
| English EAL/D | 1,504 | 35.4 → 21.3 | 35.5 → 20.0 | 43.0 → 37.6 | 47.0 → 45.3 |
| English Extension 1 | 3,691 | 42.8 → 36.1 | 44.0 → 36.9 | 47.0 → 43.9 | 49.0 → 48.3 |
| English Extension 2 | 1,423 | 41.5 → 35.8 | 42.0 → 36.5 | 48.0 → 44.0 | 49.0 → 48.1 |
| English Standard | 33,651 | 36.0 → 20.4 | 36.5 → 20.0 | 40.0 → 31.5 | 44.0 → 39.7 |
| English Studies Exam | 2,717 | 29.4 → 9.0 | 30.0 → 8.3 | 35.0 → 16.4 | 38.0 → 25.0 |
| Enterprise Computing | 1,869 | 37.0 → 23.8 | 37.5 → 23.7 | 43.5 → 39.1 | 46.5 → 46.1 |
| Entertainment Industry Exam | 979 | 39.0 → 20.8 | 39.0 → 19.9 | 45.0 → 34.4 | 47.5 → 43.5 |
| Financial Services Exam | 101 | 36.8 → 24.6 | 36.5 → 22.9 | 43.0 → 39.2 | 45.5 → 46.6 |
| Food Technology | 4,187 | 36.8 → 18.9 | 37.0 → 17.6 | 44.5 → 35.6 | 48.0 → 43.3 |
| French Beginners | 341 | 38.2 → 24.7 | 39.0 → 24.0 | 46.5 → 40.1 | 48.0 → 47.0 |
| French Continuers | 520 | 41.2 → 34.4 | 41.5 → 35.4 | 47.0 → 44.2 | 49.0 → 48.0 |
| French Extension | 104 | 40.3 → 38.9 | 40.0 → 38.5 | 46.0 → 47.0 | 48.0 → 50.0 |
| Geography | 4,419 | 38.0 → 25.2 | 38.5 → 25.4 | 45.5 → 40.5 | 48.0 → 47.3 |
| German Beginners | 102 | 41.1 → 29.2 | 41.0 → 29.0 | 48.0 → 42.5 | 49.5 → 49.2 |
| German Continuers | 173 | 41.1 → 33.7 | 41.0 → 34.2 | 47.5 → 45.1 | 49.0 → 48.9 |
| German Extension | 55 | 44.7 → 38.4 | 45.0 → 37.9 | 49.0 → 46.7 | 50.0 → 50.0 |
| Hindi Continuers * | 29 | 42.3 → 20.5 | - | - | - |
| History Extension | 1,777 | 40.5 → 32.7 | 41.0 → 32.9 | 47.0 → 42.7 | 48.0 → 47.0 |
| Hospitality Exam | 5,642 | 37.7 → 18.7 | 38.0 → 17.5 | 43.5 → 33.6 | 46.5 → 41.2 |
| Human Services Exam | 790 | 36.5 → 18.7 | 36.0 → 18.1 | 42.5 → 32.1 | 46.5 → 39.1 |
| Indonesian Beginners * | 38 | 39.3 → 25.1 | - | - | - |
| Indonesian Continuers | 50 | 43.9 → 30.9 | 45.0 → 29.9 | 48.5 → 46.3 | 49.0 → 50.0 |
| Indonesian Extension * | 24 | 44.1 → 35.5 | - | - | - |
| Industrial Technology | 5,999 | 35.6 → 17.7 | 35.5 → 16.6 | 44.0 → 32.7 | 48.0 → 39.6 |
| Information & Digital Technology | 385 | 38.3 → 20.5 | 38.5 → 19.9 | 43.5 → 32.3 | 47.0 → 40.6 |
| Investigating Science | 3,292 | 37.8 → 20.5 | 38.0 → 20.0 | 44.5 → 35.5 | 47.0 → 42.8 |
| Italian Beginners | 294 | 38.8 → 28.3 | 39.5 → 28.9 | 47.5 → 41.9 | 49.5 → 48.1 |
| Italian Continuers | 191 | 41.7 → 32.2 | 43.0 → 33.9 | 47.0 → 45.0 | 49.0 → 49.6 |
| Italian Extension | 48 | 44.1 → 39.5 | 45.0 → 39.3 | 48.0 → 47.1 | 49.0 → 50.0 |
| Japanese Beginners | 357 | 35.6 → 24.1 | 37.0 → 24.8 | 45.5 → 40.1 | 47.5 → 44.2 |
| Japanese Continuers | 794 | 39.7 → 30.8 | 40.5 → 32.1 | 47.0 → 42.4 | 49.0 → 47.6 |
| Japanese Extension | 134 | 43.6 → 38.0 | 45.0 → 38.0 | 48.0 → 45.0 | 49.0 → 48.3 |
| Japanese in Context * | 34 | 43.0 → 27.6 | - | - | - |
| Khmer Continuers * | 14 | 44.1 → 17.8 | - | - | - |
| Korean & Literature * | 18 | 44.4 → 28.6 | - | - | - |
| Korean Beginners | 110 | 41.4 → 27.7 | 41.5 → 26.1 | 48.0 → 42.8 | 49.5 → 49.0 |
| Korean Continuers | 84 | 43.5 → 27.2 | 45.5 → 28.0 | 47.5 → 39.4 | 49.0 → 48.6 |
| Korean in Context * | 19 | 44.2 → 30.5 | - | - | - |
| Latin Continuers | 140 | 44.1 → 40.5 | 45.5 → 42.6 | 48.5 → 47.7 | 49.5 → 49.0 |
| Latin Extension | 80 | 46.0 → 42.3 | 47.0 → 43.7 | 49.0 → 48.4 | 50.0 → 50.0 |
| Legal Studies | 10,080 | 37.8 → 25.3 | 39.0 → 25.9 | 45.5 → 39.9 | 48.0 → 45.7 |
| Macedonian Continuers * | 15 | 38.6 → 24.3 | - | - | - |
| Mathematics Advanced | 16,809 | 39.6 → 31.9 | 40.0 → 33.2 | 47.0 → 42.9 | 49.0 → 47.5 |
| Mathematics Extension 1 | 9,279 | 39.7 → 39.7 | 42.0 → 41.5 | 48.0 → 47.2 | 49.5 → 49.5 |
| Mathematics Extension 2 | 3,844 | 41.5 → 43.4 | 43.5 → 44.7 | 48.0 → 48.3 | 49.5 → 49.6 |
| Mathematics Standard 1 Exam | 3,737 | 35.5 → 13.9 | 35.5 → 12.5 | 42.0 → 27.7 | 47.0 → 34.7 |
| Mathematics Standard 2 | 31,762 | 36.0 → 23.3 | 36.5 → 23.2 | 44.5 → 37.3 | 47.5 → 42.9 |
| Modern Greek Beginners | 102 | 43.0 → 26.0 | 44.5 → 25.5 | 49.0 → 39.0 | 50.0 → 45.2 |
| Modern Greek Continuers | 55 | 42.6 → 25.2 | 43.5 → 21.4 | 49.0 → 45.6 | 49.5 → 50.0 |
| Modern Greek Extension * | 16 | 42.2 → 33.9 | - | - | - |
| Modern Hebrew Continuers * | 32 | 45.4 → 30.7 | - | - | - |
| Modern History | 10,953 | 37.1 → 25.0 | 38.0 → 25.8 | 45.0 → 39.2 | 47.5 → 46.0 |
| Music 1 | 4,681 | 40.9 → 20.8 | 42.0 → 20.4 | 46.5 → 36.4 | 48.5 → 43.8 |
| Music 2 | 762 | 43.7 → 34.1 | 44.0 → 35.1 | 48.0 → 44.9 | 49.5 → 48.7 |
| Music Extension | 447 | 46.2 → 35.9 | 47.0 → 36.3 | 50.0 → 49.6 | 50.0 → 50.0 |
| PDH&PE | 17,852 | 37.3 → 22.8 | 37.5 → 22.8 | 44.5 → 37.3 | 47.0 → 43.5 |
| Persian Continuers * | 27 | 43.4 → 21.6 | - | - | - |
| Physics | 8,817 | 37.0 → 31.0 | 37.5 → 32.2 | 45.5 → 43.0 | 47.5 → 47.2 |
| Polish Continuers * | 22 | 46.8 → 28.5 | - | - | - |
| Portuguese Continuers * | 14 | 41.0 → 26.6 | - | - | - |
| Primary Industries Exam | 663 | 37.3 → 16.2 | 37.5 → 15.2 | 42.5 → 29.9 | 45.5 → 36.2 |
| Punjabi Continuers * | 30 | 41.8 → 26.0 | - | - | - |
| Retail Services Exam | 909 | 35.5 → 16.1 | 35.5 → 14.7 | 41.5 → 31.9 | 46.0 → 39.3 |
| Russian Continuers * | 19 | 44.1 → 24.8 | - | - | - |
| Science Extension | 855 | 37.6 → 32.0 | 38.0 → 32.5 | 44.0 → 41.0 | 47.0 → 46.4 |
| Serbian Continuers * | 27 | 39.7 → 20.9 | - | - | - |
| Society & Culture | 4,957 | 38.9 → 23.1 | 39.5 → 23.1 | 45.5 → 37.7 | 48.0 → 44.9 |
| Software Engineering | 1,768 | 37.6 → 26.7 | 38.0 → 27.2 | 44.5 → 40.5 | 48.0 → 47.3 |
| Spanish Beginners | 286 | 40.3 → 25.7 | 41.5 → 26.0 | 48.0 → 42.3 | 49.0 → 47.9 |
| Spanish Continuers | 180 | 40.6 → 26.6 | 41.5 → 28.0 | 47.0 → 39.0 | 49.0 → 46.8 |
| Spanish Extension | 57 | 44.3 → 32.4 | 45.0 → 31.6 | 48.0 → 40.3 | 49.0 → 47.2 |
| Studies of Religion I | 8,169 | 38.8 → 27.7 | 39.0 → 28.1 | 46.0 → 39.9 | 48.0 → 45.2 |
| Studies of Religion II | 6,731 | 38.9 → 27.3 | 39.5 → 28.1 | 45.0 → 40.5 | 48.0 → 46.0 |
| Textiles & Design | 1,482 | 38.9 → 22.8 | 39.5 → 22.4 | 46.0 → 38.3 | 48.0 → 45.6 |
| Tourism, Travel & Events Exam | 94 | 37.9 → 20.4 | 38.0 → 19.4 | 42.5 → 34.4 | 45.5 → 43.1 |
| Turkish Continuers * | 36 | 42.9 → 20.9 | - | - | - |
| Vietnamese Continuers | 218 | 39.8 → 17.9 | 40.0 → 16.3 | 43.5 → 30.7 | 46.5 → 40.3 |
| Visual Arts | 9,047 | 40.9 → 21.7 | 41.5 → 21.1 | 45.5 → 37.4 | 48.0 → 45.3 |
* Fewer than 40 students, so UAC gives no percentiles. The average is still shown.
Which courses scaled highest in 2025
Ranked by the middle scaled mark (50th percentile), for the 86 courses with percentiles.
| Course | Middle scaled mark |
|---|---|
| Mathematics Extension 2 | 44.7 |
| Latin Extension | 43.7 |
| Latin Continuers | 42.6 |
| Mathematics Extension 1 | 41.5 |
| Italian Extension | 39.3 |
| French Extension | 38.5 |
| Japanese Extension | 38.0 |
| German Extension | 37.9 |
| Chinese Extension | 37.5 |
| English Extension 1 | 36.9 |
| English Extension 2 | 36.5 |
| Music Extension | 36.3 |
| Course | Middle scaled mark |
|---|---|
| English Studies Exam | 8.3 |
| Aboriginal Studies | 11.0 |
| Automotive Exam | 11.5 |
| Mathematics Standard 1 Exam | 12.5 |
| Retail Services Exam | 14.7 |
| Construction Exam | 15.0 |
| Primary Industries Exam | 15.2 |
| Arabic Continuers | 15.5 |
| Vietnamese Continuers | 16.3 |
| Industrial Technology | 16.6 |
| Electrotechnology Exam | 17.2 |
| Hospitality Exam | 17.5 |
How HSC scaling works
UAC scales raw marks, not the HSC marks printed on your results. Your raw HSC mark sits halfway between your raw exam mark and your moderated school assessment, and students never get to see it.
The idea behind the model is simple to say: the scaled mean of a course is set to the average academic achievement of the students who took it, measured by their average scaled mark across all their courses. A course full of students who do well everywhere ends up with a high scaled mean. That is why the same HSC mark can be worth very different scaled marks in different courses.
Because of this, UAC warns that its table is not a straight HSC to scaled conversion. Two students can share an HSC mark yet have different raw marks, which leads to different scaled marks. Use the numbers here as a close guide.
Sources
Every figure here is taken from the UAC Report on the Scaling of the 2025 NSW HSC (May 2026), Table A3. Last checked by us on 17 October 2026. Scaled marks between the published percentiles are estimated with a straight line.
Frequently asked questions
Which HSC subjects scale the best?
Ranked by the middle scaled mark in 2025: Mathematics Extension 2 (44.7 per unit), Latin Extension (43.7), Latin Continuers (42.6) and Mathematics Extension 1 (41.5). Most language extension courses also sit near the top.
Does Maths Advanced scale well?
Yes. In 2025 the middle HSC mark in Mathematics Advanced was 80 out of 100 and the middle scaled mark was 33.2 per unit. The top 10% had HSC marks of 94 or more and scaled marks of about 42.9.
Does English Standard scale down?
Its scaled marks sit well below its HSC marks. The middle HSC mark was 73 out of 100, but the middle scaled mark was 20.0 per unit, or 40 out of 100. In English Advanced the middle scaled mark was 33.7.
Why did my scaled mark come out lower than my HSC mark?
Scaled marks run lower than HSC marks for almost everyone. UAC notes that few students get HSC marks under 25 per unit, while the average scaled mark across all students is about 25. A lower scaled mark is normal.
Which HSC courses scaled the lowest in 2025?
By the middle scaled mark: English Studies (8.3 per unit), Aboriginal Studies (11.0), Automotive (11.5) and Mathematics Standard 1 (12.5).
When does UAC publish the scaling report?
The full report on the 2025 HSC came out in May 2026. UAC also posts a shorter preliminary report on its website.
Related tools
- ATAR Calculator Australia: every state, 2026 ATAR dates and aggregate tables.
- HSC ATAR Calculator: turn your HSC marks into an ATAR estimate.
- VCE Scaling 2025: how Victorian studies scaled.